crickets https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-Cricket.mp3
common-raven https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-CommonRavenGRTE.mp3
coyotes https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-CoyotesMOJA.mp3
hermit-thrush https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-HermitThrushYOSE.mp3
stellers-jay https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-StellerJay2.mp3
spotted-owl https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-SpottedOwlYOSE.mp3
sandhill-crane https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-SandhillCranesDENA.mp3
stream https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-StreamMUWO.mp3
rain https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-RainDEPO.mp3
thunder https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-Thunder.mp3
ocean https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-OceanOlympicNP.mp3
western-gull https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/audiovideo/588a7add-3839-4eb9-86f1-66cfd867224a.mp3
humpback-whale https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-HumpbackGLBA.mp3
elk https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-ElkBuglingGRSA.mp3
white-crowned-sparrow https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-SparrowGRTE.mp3
yellow-rumped-warbler https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-YellowRumpedWarblerGRTE.mp3
nuthatch https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-RedbreastedNuthatchYOSE.mp3
canada-geese https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-CanadaGoose.mp3
osprey https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-OspreyGRTE.mp3
common-poorwill https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-CommonPoorwillGRBA.mp3
bighorn-ram https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-BighornSheepRammingHeadsZION.mp3
bee https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-BeeYOSE.mp3
grasshopper https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-GrasshopperYOSE.mp3
killdeer https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-KILLDEER1.mp3
american-robin https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-AmericanRobinYELL.mp3

The wildlife/weather clips above are from the US National Park Service Natural Sounds gallery (https://www.nps.gov/subjects/sound/gallery.htm), public domain. Processed (trimmed, normalised, looped) by tests/prep-sounds.sh.

surf.mp3 — Oceanwavescrushing by Luftrum
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oceanwavescrushing.ogg
Original recording: https://freesound.org/people/Luftrum/sounds/48412/
Author: Luftrum, https://www.luftrum.com/
Licence of the Commons source: CC BY 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Recorded at Kalundborg Fjord, Røsnæs, Denmark (2008); used as coastal ambience, not a recording of McWay Falls.
Changes: high/low-pass filtering, loudness normalisation, three-second loop crossfade, MP3 encoding.
Prepared with tools/prep-surf.py; src/engine/surf-data.json measures the encoded recording's wave breaks.

Rain and thunder replacement recordings (CC0 1.0):
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
rain-natural.mp3 — Rain_Ambience.WAV by VanEngelen
Source: https://freesound.org/people/VanEngelen/sounds/704579/
Recorded with a Zoom H5 through an open window; no thunder.
rain-forest.mp3 — Forest Rainstorm 01 by rifualk
Source: https://freesound.org/people/rifualk/sounds/648474/
Recorded beside a cabin in northern Wisconsin: rain, wind in trees and awning drips; no thunder.
thunder-close.mp3 — big thunder clap by seth-m
Source: https://freesound.org/people/seth-m/sounds/458015/
thunder-roll.mp3 — Thunder Clap OWB KY 441x16.wav by Dave Welsh
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Dave%20Welsh/sounds/194364/
Recorded in Owensboro, Kentucky, with a Sony ECM-MS957 and PCM-D50.
thunder-soft.mp3 — Thunder Clap by DaniloSFX
Source: https://freesound.org/people/DaniloSFX/sounds/672776/
Used as general weather ambience, not recordings of the depicted parks.
Prepared from Freesound's high-quality MP3 previews using tools/prep-weather.py:
rain trimmed to 59/177-second stereo loops, filtered, loudness-normalised and crossfaded;
thunder trimmed, filtered, peak-levelled and faded while preserving its natural decay.
The original NPS rain/thunder sources above are retained for provenance; the active weather mix uses these replacements.

Ambience replacements (CC0 1.0):
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
river.mp3 — Small River 1 - Slow - Close by Pfannkuchn (Zoom H6 M/S)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Pfannkuchn/sounds/459409/
creek.mp3 — River by poorenglishjuggler (Mediterranean countryside)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/poorenglishjuggler/sounds/367631/
waterfall.mp3 — Waterfall by nsmusic (Ostrova, Estonia; Zoom H1)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/nsmusic/sounds/321886/
wind.mp3 — WINDVege_Macclesfield Forest, Morning, Medium Wind, Trees, Recording 4_JW Audio by JW_Audio
Source: https://freesound.org/people/JW_Audio/sounds/819351/
fire.mp3 — campfire.wav by Spandau (Perkinsville, Vermont; spaced omni microphones)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Spandau/sounds/40699/
crickets.mp3 — AMBIENCE NIGHT FIELD CRICKET 01.wav by sengjinn
Source: https://freesound.org/people/sengjinn/sounds/175020/
Prepared from Freesound HQ MP3 previews by tools/prep-ambience.py: trimmed,
high-pass filtered, loudness normalised, 3-second loop crossfades, 256 kbps stereo.
General ambience, not recordings of the depicted parks.

Bird replacements (CC0 1.0):
canada-geese.mp3 — Geese.wav by ahill86
Source: https://freesound.org/people/ahill86/sounds/207122/
stellers-jay.mp3 — StellersJays1a.wav by AlanCat (Olympus LS-14)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/AlanCat/sounds/392405/
killdeer.mp3 — Shore Birds - Killdeer; Small Group Calling and Flying, Medium Perspective by TheKingOfGeeks360
Source: https://freesound.org/people/TheKingOfGeeks360/sounds/837674/
Prepared from Freesound HQ MP3 previews by tools/prep-calls.py: short excerpts,
high-pass filtered, levelled, faded and encoded at 256 kbps with source channels.
The earlier NPS sources for these three birds and crickets are retained above for provenance.
Other active NPS wildlife clips are rebuilt from the original cached downloads at
192 kbps with their source channels preserved.

Scene detail recordings (CC0 1.0), prepared with tools/prep-scene-audio.py:
splash-a.mp3 — Water splash, emptying a bucket 2 by wormer2
Source: https://freesound.org/people/wormer2/sounds/415670/
splash-b.mp3 — Water splash, emptying a bucket 3 by wormer2
Source: https://freesound.org/people/wormer2/sounds/415669/
splash-c.mp3 — Large Splash by roboroo (Zoom H4n)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/roboroo/sounds/436792/
Three distinct stereo water transients used as salmon splash foley; not recordings of salmon.
Trimmed around attacks, filtered, peak-levelled, faded and encoded at 256 kbps.

leaf-scuttle-a.mp3, leaf-scuttle-b.mp3 — leaves rustling walk field recording with zoom h2n by Garuda1982
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Garuda1982/sounds/424165/
Recorded in Naumburg, Germany. Short, high-pass-filtered excerpts used quietly as leaf-litter
movement foley for foreground crabs. This is a recreation, not a red-crab vocalization or an
on-location Christmas Island recording. The HQ preview has identical left/right channels;
positional playback places each event in the stereo scene without fabricating source stereo.

wind-coast.mp3 — Wind at Ocean shore. by Tom_Kaszuba (Sony PCM-D100)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Tom_Kaszuba/sounds/659004/
wind-gusts.mp3 — ATM INT Wind Howl Cold Winter 11 (stereo).wav by Takkyi
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Takkyi/sounds/546869/
The second source is wind howling through house ventilation, used as a quiet tonal layer.
These form a designed lagoon wind soundscape, not an on-location Iceland recording.
Prepared as 60/104-second stereo loops with four-second overlaps, EQ and constant gain
(targets -23/-29 LUFS, peak cap -7 dBTP). Constant gain preserves the source gusts and lulls.
Independent loop phases prevent the two layers from repeating together each minute.
All seven assets use Freesound HQ MP3 previews; no lossless-source claim is made.
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

Salar de Uyuni recordings (CC0 1.0), prepared with python3 tools/prep-scene-audio.py --salar:
wind-salt.mp3 — Wind is blowing and howling in the salt desert of Atacama (Chili) by felix.blume
Source: https://freesound.org/people/felix.blume/sounds/142335/
Recorded in 2012 in the Atacama salt desert, Chile (Schoeps MS pair, decoded to stereo).
Used as open salt-flat wind with no trees or surf; not an on-location Salar de Uyuni recording.
Trimmed to 116 s, high-passed at 140 Hz to remove microphone wind rumble, low-passed at 5 kHz,
crossfaded into a 112-second stereo loop (4-second overlap) and set with constant gain
(target -27 LUFS, peak cap -7 dBTP) so the recorded gusts and lulls remain.
lap-a.mp3, lap-b.mp3, lap-c.mp3 — Gentle small waves lapping on shore.wav by Alex_hears_things
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Alex_hears_things/sounds/352356/
Close-miked small waves on a sandy shore. The HQ preview has identical left/right channels, so the
three 2.4-second excerpts are encoded mono (192 kbps); playback positions each lap where a breeze
ripple crosses the scene. Filtered 150 Hz–9 kHz, peak-levelled to -16 dBFS and faded.
Aurora Lagoon reuses lap-b and lap-c, slowed and quiet, for the swell of a rolling iceberg.
Both use Freesound HQ MP3 previews; no lossless-source claim is made.

Salar de Uyuni Andean gull call, prepared with python3 tools/prep-salar-de-uyuni-lively-audio.py (not recorded at
the salar; research-grade iNaturalist observation, licence read from the iNaturalist API license_code on 2026-09-29):
andean-gull.mp3 — Andean Gull (Chroicocephalus serranus) by Dayan Quisbert, iNaturalist observation 210850280
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/210850280 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/996397.m4a)
"(c) Dayan Quisbert, some rights reserved (CC BY)". Recorded in La Paz department, Bolivia, 28 April 2024.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Excerpt 8.55-9.7 s: two clear calls. Edits: high-passed at 700 Hz (the recording has a strong low rumble) and
low-passed at 7 kHz, levelled to about -23 LUFS with peaks held under -4 dBFS, faded, encoded mono at 192 kbps.
Chosen from a band RMS envelope and a spectrogram, not by ear. The flamingos are silent: no Chilean, James's or
Andean flamingo recording under CC0 or CC BY was found.
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

Great Smoky Mountains (Elkmont) calls (CC0 1.0), prepared with tools/prep-elkmont-calls.py:
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
wood-thrush.mp3 — Wood Thrush MixPre3 MKH416 JUNE 5 2025 vTWO by kvgarlic
Source: https://freesound.org/people/kvgarlic/sounds/811136/
Recorded June 2025 in moist woods by a small lake, Illinois (MixPre-3 II, MKH 416). Excerpt 387.3-395.3 s:
two song phrases. A faint steady insect tone near 5.6 kHz is notched out.
red-eyed-vireo.mp3 — Red Eyed Vireo May 2 2026 by kvgarlic
Source: https://freesound.org/people/kvgarlic/sounds/852815/
Recorded May 2, 2026, Shawnee National Forest, Illinois. Excerpt 25.6-34.6 s, avoiding a second singer and clicks.
louisiana-waterthrush.mp3 — L'Ana Waterthrush Smaller File Giant City Creek by kvgarlic
Source: https://freesound.org/people/kvgarlic/sounds/465448/
Recorded March 30, 2019, beside a creek in Giant City State Park, Illinois. Excerpt 6.9-10.9 s: one song;
creek babble in the source is reduced by a high-pass filter.
barred-owl.mp3 — Gallant.Alabama.BarredOwl.wav by JPBILLINGSLEYJR
Source: https://freesound.org/people/JPBILLINGSLEYJR/sounds/467414/
Recorded at night beside woods at Gallant, Alabama. Excerpt 2.0-6.0 s: one eight-note series; band-limited
to 150-1400 Hz to remove hiss and a katydid band.
All four sources are mono and stay mono; Freesound HQ MP3 previews, excerpted, filtered, loudness-normalised
(-23 LUFS target), faded and encoded at 192 kbps. None was recorded in the Smokies. Each species breeds in the
park and is recorded at Elkmont or on the Little River: NPS Great Smoky Mountains bird checklist
(https://www.nps.gov/grsm/learn/nature/birds-checklist.htm: wood thrush, red-eyed vireo, Louisiana
waterthrush and barred owl all breed); Elkmont Historic District Inventory of Natural Resources, NPS 2002
(https://npshistory.com/publications/grsm/elkmont/nat-res.pdf: wood thrush and red-eyed vireo commonly seen);
Louisiana waterthrush studies along the Middle and West Prongs of the Little River
(https://arch.astate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1526&context=all-etd); barred owl, the park's most common
breeding owl (https://smokieslife.org/2025/09/26/uncovering-the-obscurity-of-owls/). Accessed 2026-09-28.

Skomer seabird calls, prepared with tools/prep-skomer.py (none recorded on Skomer):
atlantic-puffin.mp3 — Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) by Steve Lawson, iNaturalist observation 167903634
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/167903634 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/742086.wav)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Steve Lawson, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Sumburgh Head, Shetland, 17 June 2023; research-grade identification. Two moans on land.
guillemot.mp3 — Common Guillemot (Uria aalge), XC1041354, Sonothèque ADVL (recordist Sébastien Provost)
Source: https://xeno-canto.org/1041354 — Cap Fréhel, Brittany, 27 June 2025. Ledge growls.
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
kittiwake.mp3 — Fieldrecording_kittiwake_HDUK.WAV by natashachubbuck
Source: https://freesound.org/people/natashachubbuck/sounds/128116/ — St Abbs Head, Scotland. One bird calling.
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
fulmar.mp3 — fulmars_June2006.wav by neilg
Source: https://freesound.org/people/neilg/sounds/23404/ — June 2006, fulmars beside the microphone.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Edits: short excerpts (puffin 3.8 s, guillemot 6.3 s, kittiwake 5 s, fulmar 7 s), high-pass (and for the
puffin low-pass) filtered against wind rumble, loudness-normalised, faded and encoded at 192 kbps with the
source channels kept (the puffin is mono). Kittiwake and fulmar use Freesound HQ MP3 previews; the puffin
comes from the original WAV and the guillemot from the xeno-canto MP3. Species are as identified by the
recordists; the puffin's moans play quietly from the Skomer burrows, the others in the scene's call pool.
No Manx shearwater recording with a usable licence was found (the CC0 Lundy dataset, doi:10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvm6,
needs a manual download), so the scene's night-call pool is empty.

Serengeti wildebeest grunts, prepared with python3 tools/prep-scene-audio.py --serengeti:
wildebeest-a.mp3 — Gnou-Beuglement.aif by roubignolle (recorded by G de Courtivron)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/roubignolle/sounds/34699/ — one wildebeest calling, Tanzania.
wildebeest-b.mp3, wildebeest-c.mp3 — Gnous-En nombre+amb.aif by roubignolle (recorded by G de Courtivron)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/roubignolle/sounds/35144/ — wildebeest during their migration, Tanzania.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Edits: the whole 3.7 s call and two excerpts (1.2 s from 2.3 s, 1.0 s from 6.1 s) of the loudest grunt bouts,
high-passed at 90 Hz, low-passed at 10 kHz, peak-levelled to about -20 LUFS each, faded, from the Freesound HQ
MP3 previews (mono). Real wildebeest recorded in Tanzania; not necessarily in the Serengeti. They replace a
pitched-up Yellowstone bison.

Platte River crane calls (CC0 1.0), prepared with tools/prep-crane-audio.py:
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
crane-far.mp3 — Sandhill Cranes Calling by StuartRoland
Source: https://freesound.org/people/StuartRoland/sounds/483905/
Two sandhill cranes calling across a marshy lagoon near La Pointe, Wisconsin; whole 12.4 s used.
crane-call-a.mp3, crane-call-b.mp3, crane-depart.mp3 — Sandhill Cranes.wav by LiftPizzas
Source: https://freesound.org/people/LiftPizzas/sounds/585685/
Two sandhill cranes calling and flying off (location not stated); excerpts at 3.95 s, 12.3 s and
34.6 s avoid handling noise elsewhere in the file. Mono source, kept mono.
crane-chorus.mp3 — SandhillCranesandOtherBirds_3-19-2926 by Huglex
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Huglex/sounds/849183/
A distant morning flock of sandhill cranes with other birds (location not stated); 20 s excerpt.
None of these were recorded on the Platte River. Trimmed, filtered (110 Hz-9 kHz), loudness-normalised
(-24/-26 LUFS), faded and encoded at 192 kbps from Freesound HQ MP3 previews. The Platte scene also
uses the NPS Denali sandhill-crane clip listed above. Species as labelled by each recordist; the
excerpts were chosen from RMS envelopes and a CLAP zero-shot audio screen, not reviewed by ear.

Bromo from Penanjakan, prepared with python3 tools/prep-bromo-dawn-audio.py (CC0 1.0):
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
wind-highland.mp3 — Wind in the grass by waweee
Source: https://freesound.org/people/waweee/sounds/517995/
Wind in tall mountain grass on the Dieng Plateau (Wonosobo, Central Java), not at Bromo. Stereo; 140 s from
20 s (avoiding handling bumps near the start and a click at 176 s), high-passed at 150 Hz, low-passed at
4 kHz, one constant gain (the source is very quiet, about -63 LUFS), 4 s loop crossfade, from the Freesound HQ
MP3 preview. Plays as a quiet second layer under the shared forest wind (wind.mp3, above).
sunda-bush-warbler-a.mp3, sunda-bush-warbler-b.mp3, sunda-bush-warbler-c.mp3 — kalvinchan
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/337513989 (sound 1759302, CC0; the observation itself is CC BY)
Sunda Bush Warbler song recorded 16 January 2026 in Bandung Regency, West Java (about 1,080 m), not in East
Java. iNaturalist files it as Aberrant Bush Warbler (Horornis flavolivaceus), whose concept there includes the
Sunda form vulcanius; the identification is still "Needs ID". Three 2.2 s excerpts (from 0.8 s, 7.7 s and
13.2 s), one song each, band-passed 2-6 kHz, lightly denoised, loudness-normalised to about -24 LUFS and faded.
Mono source, kept mono. No cleared recording was found for the scene's Sundaic Island-Thrush, black eagle or
swiftlets, so they are silent.

Namaqualand Flowers bird calls and bee, prepared with python3 tools/prep-namaqua-flowers-audio.py.
None was recorded at Skilpad or in Namaqualand: the birds are Western Cape and Great Karoo recordings, the bee a
single honeybee recorded in France, and the scene's open wind is the Atacama salt-desert recording above (wind-salt).
large-billed-lark-a.mp3, large-billed-lark-b.mp3, large-billed-lark-c.mp3 — Large-billed Lark (Galerida magnirostris)
by Shaun Swanepoel, iNaturalist observation 339739172
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/339739172 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1774971.mp3)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Shaun Swanepoel, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded in the Eden district, Western Cape, 22 February 2026. Excerpts 4.8 s (1.4 s), 9.9 s (1.5 s), 19.0 s (1.7 s).
bokmakierie.mp3 — Bokmakierie (Telophorus zeylonus) by Nick Block, iNaturalist observation 146576661
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146576661 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/584830.wav)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Nick Block, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Skitterykloof, Western Cape, 5 January 2023. Excerpt 1.9-4.9 s of the pair's duet, kept quieter.
cape-bunting-a.mp3, cape-bunting-b.mp3 — Cape Bunting (Emberiza capensis) by Thomas Koffel, iNaturalist observation 184522729
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/184522729 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/817767.m4a)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Thomas Koffel, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded in the Eden district, Western Cape, 23 September 2023. Excerpts 10.6 s (2.5 s) and 31.0 s (2.4 s).
karoo-prinia.mp3 — Karoo Prinia (Prinia maculosa) by Adele Scheepers Lamprecht, iNaturalist observation 140376806
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140376806 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/556099.m4a)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Adele Scheepers Lamprecht, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded in the Overberg, Western Cape, 29 October 2022. Excerpt 3.65-5.9 s, before handling thumps later in the file.
spotted-eagle-owl.mp3 — Spotted Eagle-Owl (Bubo africanus) by Thomas Koffel, iNaturalist observation 184416887
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/184416887 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/817266.m4a)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Thomas Koffel, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Prince Albert, Great Karoo, 22 September 2023. Excerpt 34.6-37.3 s: two hoots. Played rarely at night
(only one iNaturalist record within 30 km of Skilpad).
double-collared-sunbird.mp3 — Southern Double-collared Sunbird (Cinnyris chalybeus) by Thomas Koffel, iNaturalist observation 182797224
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/182797224 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/810411.m4a)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Thomas Koffel, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Karindal, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, 11 September 2023. Excerpt 1.25-3.25 s (2.5-9.5 kHz), most of
the first song phrase, ending before a click. Sung now and then by the drawn sunbird at the flowering bushes.
bee-a.mp3, bee-b.mp3 — Bee recorded individually | Johanna by felix.blume
Source: https://freesound.org/people/felix.blume/sounds/588533/ — one honeybee recorded alone, no background birds.
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Excerpts 2.0 s (1.9 s) and 15.8 s (1.8 s) from the Freesound HQ MP3 preview; panned to a drawn bee in warm sunshine.
Edits: all excerpts band-limited (birds 1-9.5 kHz, owl 200-1500 Hz, bee high-passed at 120 Hz), loudness-normalised
(-24 to -28 LUFS), faded, mono, 160 kbps. Excerpts were chosen from band-limited RMS envelopes and spectrograms,
not reviewed by ear. Every species occurs at Skilpad (iNaturalist records within 30 km, accessed 2026-09-29). No
cleared recording was found for Cape Clapper Lark, Karoo Lark, Southern Black Korhaan, springbok or any Skilpad
ambience (the one found, Freesound 220150, is CC BY-NC and was not used).

Sekonyer River jungle beds (CC BY 4.0), prepared with tools/prep-sekonyer-river-audio.py:
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (checked on each recording's page, 2026-09-29)
sekonyer-day.mp3 — Borneo Jungle - Day by RTB45
Source: https://freesound.org/people/RTB45/sounds/253291/
Daytime field recording made in Tanjung Puting National Park, Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia: insects,
bird calls and a troop of proboscis monkeys moving through the trees (Sony PCM-D50, stereo). Excerpt
125-253 s, after loud unidentified calls (30-80 s) and clicks near 98 and 118 s.
sekonyer-night.mp3 — Borneo Jungle - Night by RTB45
Source: https://freesound.org/people/RTB45/sounds/253301/
Night-time field recording made in Tanjung Puting National Park: insects, a small stream and unseen
creatures moving and calling (stereo). Excerpt 20-165 s.
Recorded in the park the scene depicts. Trimmed, high-passed (140/130 Hz) against wind and handling rumble,
set to about -26 LUFS by one constant gain, looped with a four-second equal-power crossfade, with a fast
limiter at -12 dBFS for isolated clicks only; stereo, 192 kbps, from the Freesound HQ MP3 previews (no
lossless-source claim). No openly licensed hornbill, proboscis-monkey or gibbon recording was found,
so those animals are silent in the scene.

Piedras Blancas elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), prepared with tools/prep-piedras-blancas-audio.py.
Licences checked on each recording's own page on 2026-09-29.
eseal-call-a.mp3 … eseal-call-e.mp3 — pup and cow calls by Richard Fuller (rich_fuller), iNaturalist observation 335555690
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/335555690 (sound 1746874) — recorded AT the Piedras Blancas
elephant seal viewing area (35.6625, -121.2567), 20 January 2026, 14:15 PST. Mono AAC source, kept mono.
Licence: CC0 1.0 (the sound's own licence), https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Excerpts at 2.2-3.8 s, 9.3-10.8 s, 15.4-17.0 s, 20.55-21.7 s and 22.0-23.2 s (the loudest call, 18.2-19.8 s, is left out).
eseal-call-f.mp3, eseal-call-g.mp3 — "pups calling out" by Dawn Ellner (naturesdawn), iNaturalist observation 70469712
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/70469712 (sound 168586) — recorded AT the Piedras Blancas
rookery (35.6632, -121.2577), 1 February 2021. Mono AAC source, kept mono.
Licence: CC BY 4.0 for the sound, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the observation's photos and text
are CC BY-NC and are not used). Excerpts at 11.6-12.8 s and 13.9-15.1 s, after the handling noise at the start.
seal-colony.mp3 — elephant_seals_point_reyes_05jan2008_05.mp3 by aguasonic
Source: https://freesound.org/people/aguasonic/sounds/52204/ — elephant seal colony (pups and cows over surf),
Point Reyes (Chimney Rock), California, 5 January 2008. NOT recorded at Piedras Blancas.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Edits: from the Freesound HQ MP3 preview; the source is dual-mono (identical channels), so it ships as mono.
Three excerpts (3-28.6 s, 32.2-37.7 s, 38.8-43.1 s) leave out two loud calls, joined with 2 s crossfades and made
into a seamless 28.4 s loop with a 3 s equal-power crossfade; high-passed at 60 Hz, levelled to about -26 LUFS.
It loops on the Wildlife channel under the scene's calls.
eseal-bull.mp3 — "Elephant Seal - Bull Vocalizing at Drakes Beach - March 9, 2019", credit NPS / Carlo Arreglo
Source: https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=915d781e-e617-42e7-9bb4-cddf91e6c6d2 — Drakes Beach, Point
Reyes National Seashore. NOT recorded at Piedras Blancas. Public domain (credited to NPS without a copyright symbol).
Edits: the pulsed threat call (0.2-5.3 s) taken from the video's audio, mixed to mono, low-passed at 1.2 kHz and
played quietly so it reads as a distant bull, about once per 6-20 minutes when the beachmaster raises his head.
All clips were trimmed, filtered (calls 250 Hz-7 kHz), faded and levelled from measured integrated loudness with a
true-peak ceiling, and encoded at 192 kbps mono. Excerpt times were chosen from RMS envelopes and spectrograms,
not reviewed by ear. The NPS rookery clip nri-Elephantseal001.mp3 has no credit line and is not used.

Morning Glory (Burketown) bird calls, prepared with tools/prep-morning-glory-audio.py. These are not on-location
Burketown recordings: the species occur around Burketown, but the recordings come from the Tanami region (NT),
Kakadu (NT) and Bartle Frere (Wet Tropics, QLD).
whistling-kite.mp3 — Lajamanu Billabong Atmos by kangaroovindaloo
Source: https://freesound.org/people/kangaroovindaloo/sounds/147666/ — a billabong just west of Lajamanu, NT;
the recordist notes the Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus) at 02:05. Excerpt 125.5-130.5 s.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
pied-butcherbird.mp3 — Pied Butcherbird (Cracticus nigrogularis) by Thomas Mesaglio, iNaturalist observation 351396430
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/351396430 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1870928.m4a)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded on the Kakadu Highway south of Mary River Ranger Station, Kakadu NP, NT, 16 April 2026; research grade.
Excerpt 14.2-19.2 s.
bar-shouldered-dove.mp3 — Bar-shouldered Dove (Geopelia humeralis) by Suzanne Muzic (sssuzie), iNaturalist observation 172057320
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/172057320 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/764843.m4a)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Suzanne Muzic, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Bartle Frere, QLD, 10 July 2023; research grade. Excerpt 3.0-7.2 s (two 'cook-a-wook' phrases), declicked.
Edits: excerpted, band-limited (kite 700 Hz-5.2 kHz, butcherbird 400 Hz-7 kHz, dove 350 Hz-2 kHz),
loudness-normalised (target -23 LUFS; the dove -28, measuring about -25), faded and encoded at 192 kbps with the source channels kept. The kite
comes from the Freesound HQ MP3 preview, the others from the iNaturalist files. Species as identified by the
recordist (kite) or iNaturalist research-grade consensus; excerpts were chosen from spectrograms and loudness,
not reviewed by ear. The scene's wind reuses wind-salt.mp3 (Atacama, above) and its night uses crickets.mp3.
No brolga recording under CC0 or CC BY was found (the xeno-canto brolgas are NC-licensed), so the brolgas are
silent; the sandhill-crane recordings above are a different species and are not used here.
Added 2026-09-29 (licences checked on each iNaturalist observation that day; species by research-grade consensus;
not recorded at Burketown):
little-corella.mp3 — Little Corella (Cacatua sanguinea) by Martin Rady, iNaturalist observation 369971509
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/369971509 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/2011648.m4a)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Martin Rady, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Jabiru, Kakadu NP, NT, 9 June 2026. Excerpt 7.6-11.6 s (four flock screeches), 600 Hz-6 kHz, -30 LUFS.
tawny-frogmouth.mp3 — Tawny Frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) by Sandra Pearce, iNaturalist observation 299809806
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/299809806 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1576726.m4a)
Licence: CC0 1.0 ("no rights reserved"). Recorded at Zillmere, Brisbane, QLD, 21 July 2025. Excerpt 0-6.8 s
(a series of 14 soft 'oom' notes near 400 Hz), band-passed 250-620 Hz, -32 LUFS.
masked-lapwing.mp3 — Masked Lapwing (Vanellus miles) by Auradyme, iNaturalist observation 38674855
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38674855 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/57839.mp3)
Licence: CC0 1.0 ("no rights reserved"). Recorded in Queensland (place not given), 16 February 2020. Excerpt 0.3-3.3 s
(one 'kekekek' rattle), 900 Hz-6 kHz, -32 LUFS. All three mono, faded, 192 kbps; chosen from spectrograms, not by ear.

Cabrillo Point (Point Loma) calls, prepared with tools/prep-cabrillo-point-audio.py. Licences checked on each
iNaturalist observation on 2026-09-29; species as identified there (all research grade):
wrentit.mp3 — Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) by Scott Crabtree, iNaturalist observation 339087021
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/339087021 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1770360.wav)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Scott Crabtree, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Point Loma (32.6736, -117.2443, by Cabrillo tidepool parking lot 2), 13 February 2026. One song, 3 s.
california-towhee.mp3 — California Towhee (Melozone crissalis) by Elizabeth (quercus_e), iNaturalist observation 43116956
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/43116956 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/74094.m4a)
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Recorded in El Cerrito, San Diego, 24 April 2020 (inland San Diego, not Point Loma). Chips and a short song, 5.2 s.
sea-lion-a.mp3 — California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) by Bobby McCabe, iNaturalist observation 128999116
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/128999116 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/512139.m4a)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Bobby McCabe, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Point Dume State Beach, Los Angeles County, 1 August 2022. A run of barks, 4 s from 3.0 s.
sea-lion-b.mp3 — California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) by steve b (stevestevens), iNaturalist observation 155427415
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155427415 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/647569.wav)
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Recorded in the Gulf of California, Mexico (28.38 N, 112.31 W), 3 April 2023. Two bark bouts, 4.8 s.
black-oystercatcher.mp3 — Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) by Kalvin Chan (kalvinchan), iNaturalist observation 262237386
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262237386 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1310096.wav)
Licence: CC0 1.0 (sound), https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Recorded at Oak Bay, British Columbia, Canada, 17 February 2025 (not Point Loma). Seven piping calls, 3.4 s from 0 s.
wandering-tattler.mp3 — Wandering Tattler (Tringa incana) by Rajan Rao, iNaturalist observation 166742286
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/166742286 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/733701.wav)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Rajan Rao, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded at Wailea, Maui, Hawaii, 25 December 2021 (not Point Loma). Three trills over a soft wash, 4.4 s from 15.4 s.
whimbrel.mp3 — Hudsonian Whimbrel (Numenius hudsonicus) by Some Donkus (opuntia_supreme), iNaturalist observation 384744980
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/384744980 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/2086565.wav)
Licence: CC0 1.0 (sound), https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Recorded at Newport, Oregon, 24 July 2026 (not Point Loma). Two rippling calls in flight, 4.3 s from 1.1 s.
Licences of these two checked on the iNaturalist API record on 2026-09-29 (license_code cc-by and cc0).
Edits: excerpts trimmed, high-pass filtered (wrentit, towhee and oystercatcher 900 Hz; oystercatcher also low-passed
at 9 kHz; whimbrel 1.2 kHz, tattler 1.5 kHz; tattler -31 LUFS), the sea lions band-limited to 150 Hz-3 kHz and set quieter (-30 LUFS, the oystercatcher too) so they read
as calls from the bench edge about 100 m away, loudness-normalised, faded and encoded at 192 kbps with the source
channels kept (wrentit, sea-lion-a, the oystercatcher and the whimbrel are mono). Only the wrentit was recorded at Point Loma.
The research's La Jolla sea-lion clips (iNaturalist sounds 351779 and 1331560) were not used: a CLAP zero-shot screen heard speech,
boats and children in them. Excerpts were chosen from RMS envelopes and that CLAP screen, not reviewed by ear.
The scene also reuses the surf (Luftrum, Denmark), coastal wind, water laps, western gull and white-crowned
sparrow recordings listed above; none of those was recorded at Cabrillo. No gray whale sound is used: blows
are not audible from the bluff.

Lençóis Maranhenses bird calls, prepared with python3 tools/prep-lencois-lagoons-audio.py (none recorded at
Lençóis Maranhenses; research-grade iNaturalist observations, licences read from the iNaturalist API
license_code on 2026-09-29):
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
tern-a.mp3, tern-b.mp3 — Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) by Nicolas Olejnik, iNaturalist observation 26684408
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/26684408 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/40914.mp3)
"(c) Nicolas Olejnik, some rights reserved (CC BY)". Recorded at Esquina, Corrientes, Argentina, 10 July 2013.
Two excerpts of the same 2.7 s file: 0.05-1.6 s (a soft call and two clear ones) and 1.85-2.7 s (the last pair).
gull-hood.mp3 — Grey-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) by Eduardo Luis Beltrocco, iNaturalist
observation 174745556
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174745556 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/777372.m4a)
"(c) Eduardo Luis Beltrocco, some rights reserved (CC BY)". Recorded at Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz, Santa Fe,
Argentina, 20 July 2023. Excerpt 9.3-10.64 s: the two clearest calls, stopping before a tick at 10.67 s.
lapwing.mp3 — Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) by Finni Ferni, iNaturalist observation 149551055
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149551055 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/603543.wav)
"(c) Finni Ferni, some rights reserved (CC BY)". Recorded at Urupá, Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil,
24 February 2023. Excerpt 0.3-4.4 s: one call series.
pauraque.mp3 — Common Pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) by Romilson Silva Lopes Junior, iNaturalist observation
262266272
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262266272 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1310257.mp3)
"(c) Romilson Silva Lopes Junior, some rights reserved (CC BY)". Recorded at Reserva Natural Serra das Almas,
Crateús, Ceará, Brazil, 6 August 2022. Excerpt 1.8-3.6 s: one whistle (at 2.8-3.3 s); low-passed at 4 kHz to drop an insect band.
Edits: excerpted, band-limited (high-pass 200-300 Hz, low-pass 4-8 kHz, the terns at 6 kHz so they sound
distant), levelled to about -23 LUFS with peaks held under -4 dBFS, faded and encoded at 192 kbps. Source
channels are kept (the tern and pauraque files are stereo, the gull and lapwing mono). Excerpts were chosen from RMS envelopes
and spectrograms, not by ear. The scene reuses the Atacama salt-flat wind and water laps credited above.

Churchill (Hudson Bay) ambience, prepared with tools/prep-churchill-bears-audio.py (neither recorded at Churchill;
no openly licensed on-location recording was found):
wind-arctic.mp3 — "air tone arctic wind blowing, distant water tone lowcut Quaqtaq, Nunavik.flac" by kyles
Source: https://freesound.org/people/kyles/sounds/450142/ — Quaqtaq, Nunavik (Hudson Strait coast, Arctic Quebec).
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
ice-shore.mp3 — "vesi jää meri hiekkaranta talvi helinä kilinä1.wav" by JanneLaine ("Small icy waves on beach",
Sound Devices MixPre6 with a pair of Neumann KM184, March 2020)
Source: https://freesound.org/people/JanneLaine/sounds/513721/ — Helsinki, Finland (sea beach in winter).
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Edits: excerpts (wind 4-124 s, icy shore 5-130 s) made into 116/121-second stereo loops with four-second
equal-power crossfades; high/low-pass filtered (wind 80 Hz-9 kHz, shore 120 Hz-12 kHz); one measured constant
gain each (about -25 and -30 LUFS), encoded at 256 kbps from Freesound HQ MP3 previews (no lossless-source
claim). They play together as the scene's wind, the icy shore about 8 dB under the wind. Excerpts were chosen
from RMS/peak envelopes and a CLAP zero-shot screen (only wind and water found), not reviewed by ear.
The scene's rare raven uses the NPS common-raven clip listed above. Polar bears are nearly silent; no bear
sounds are used. An openly licensed willow ptarmigan call exists only as a June breeding call from Norway, so
it was left out.

Sort Sol (Tøndermarsken) starlings, reed wind and geese, prepared with tools/prep-sort-sol-audio.py.
None of these was recorded at Tøndermarsken or Rudbøl Sø: each is the same species or habitat recorded
elsewhere, and the starlings are in trees or on power lines, not in a reedbed. Licences checked on each
recording's Freesound page on 2026-09-29.
starlings.mp3 (roost chatter bed) — Murmuration edit.wav by dommygee
Source: https://freesound.org/people/dommygee/sounds/254983/ — starlings settled in one tree after a
murmuration, Bristol, UK (Freesound geotag); binaural.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
starling-murmur.mp3 — starling roost.mp3 by soundmary
Source: https://freesound.org/people/soundmary/sounds/194946/ — "Starlings circle and roost" (location not stated).
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
starling-whoosh-a.mp3, starling-whoosh-b.mp3 — One Thousand Birds by steffcaffrey
Source: https://freesound.org/people/steffcaffrey/sounds/523896/ — a starling flock on power lines, Ireland.
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
wind-reeds.mp3 — Wind in the reed by Funkelfang
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Funkelfang/sounds/844604/ — Wangels, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (Baltic
coast; faint waves under the reed rustle).
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
greylag-geese.mp3 — Geese Flying Overhead.wav by mike_stranks
Source: https://freesound.org/people/mike_stranks/sounds/407490/ — a greylag skein overhead, Slimbridge, UK.
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
barnacle-geese.mp3 — Barnacle Geese viv par.wav by Listeningpost
Source: https://freesound.org/people/Listeningpost/sounds/144019/ — barnacle geese flying close by, parabolic
microphone (location not stated).
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Edits (from the Freesound HQ MP3 previews, so no lossless-source claim): the roost bed is the whole 80 s,
high-passed at 120 Hz and looped with a 3 s crossfade; the reed wind is 0-65 s, high-passed at 180 Hz (its low
band of wind rumble and distant waves dominated) and looped with a 4 s crossfade; the murmuration is 20-70 s
with 4 s fades; the wing flurries are 3-13 s and 23-32 s with 3 s fades; the greylag skein is whole; the
close barnacle pass (0-20 s) is low-passed at 4 kHz and levelled lower to sound distant. All loudness-normalised
(-23 to -30 LUFS), stereo, 192 kbps. Excerpts were chosen from RMS and band envelopes, not reviewed by ear.

Sort Sol's other marsh birds, same tool. None was recorded at Tøndermarsken: same species elsewhere. Licences
checked on 2026-09-29 on each Freesound page and, for iNaturalist, in each sound's licence field
(api.inaturalist.org, "some rights reserved (CC BY)", i.e. CC BY 4.0).
grey-heron.mp3 — 20081221.grey.heron.wav by dobroide
Source: https://freesound.org/people/dobroide/sounds/65264/ — grey heron cries near Caño de Guadiamar, Doñana, Spain,
21 December 2008 (M/S stereo). Excerpt 0.8-7.2 s.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
northern-lapwing.mp3 — lapwing in the night 0028 am 240802_0877 by klankbeeld
Source: https://freesound.org/people/klankbeeld/sounds/805397/ — non-breeding flight calls at night, Lage Zwaluwe,
Netherlands, 2 August 2024. Excerpt 0.3-6.3 s.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
golden-plover.mp3 — European Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) by Owen, iNaturalist observation 308040454
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/308040454 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1611405.wav)
"(c) Owen, some rights reserved (CC BY)". Flight calls, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK, 21 August 2025 (the recordist
shortened the gaps between calls). Excerpt 0-5.3 s, band-limited to 1.5-5 kHz and denoised (broadband hiss).
wigeon.mp3 — Eurasian Wigeon (Mareca penelope) by Mike Kerry, iNaturalist observation 39708230
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/39708230 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/60617.mp3)
"(c) Mike Kerry, some rights reserved (CC BY)". A flock whistling, Titchwell, Norfolk, UK, 25 February 2020.
Excerpt 0-8 s.
bearded-tit.mp3 — Bearded Reedling (Panurus biarmicus) by Jens Gyldenkærne Jensen, iNaturalist observation 61547706
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/61547706 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/140288.m4a)
"(c) Jens Gyldenkærne Jensen, some rights reserved (CC BY)". "Ping" calls, Roskilde, Denmark, 3 October 2020.
Excerpt 1.5-5.5 s, high-passed at 3 kHz and denoised (wind and reed rustle remain faintly).
curlew.mp3 — Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) by Sam Bellamy, iNaturalist observation 179858091
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179858091 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/798427.m4a)
"(c) Sam Bellamy, some rights reserved (CC BY)". Two flight calls, Falkenham, Suffolk, UK, 23 August 2023.
Excerpt 1.0-7.8 s, high-passed at 1.2 kHz (wind rumble).
Edits: excerpted, band-limited, levelled low (-25 to -32 LUFS) so they sound distant, 0.3-1 s fades, stereo,
192 kbps (mono sources duplicated). Excerpts were chosen from band envelopes and spectrograms, not by ear.

Hopewell Rocks (Bay of Fundy) sounds, prepared with python3 tools/prep-hopewell-rocks-audio.py (none recorded at
Hopewell Rocks; licences checked on each recording's page on 2026-09-29):
fundy-lap.mp3 — bay of fundy 01.flac by tim.kahn
Source: https://freesound.org/people/tim.kahn/sounds/127569/ — water lapping on a rocky shore on the Nova Scotia
side of the Bay of Fundy (AT4021 pair, stereo).
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Edits: a 116 s excerpt (356-472 s) chosen from its level envelope and spectrogram for steady small laps with no bird
calls or seaweed "static"; band-passed 120 Hz-8 kHz, looped with a 4 s crossfade (112 s), constant gain with
dynamics kept, 256 kbps stereo from the Freesound HQ MP3 preview. It plays as the Waves bed, barely audible while the stack
bases are dry and rising with the tide. The existing CC0 lap one-shots (Alex_hears_things) sound at the stacks.
herring-gull-a.mp3, herring-gull-b.mp3 — American Herring Gull (Larus smithsonianus) by Kalvin Chan, iNaturalist
observation 304325761 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1595660.wav)
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/304325761 — Kenmount/Thorburn, St. John's, Newfoundland, 2 Aug 2025.
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ("no rights reserved")
Edits: two single calls (1.6 s from 24.9 s, 1.9 s from 12.6 s), not the long-call series; high-passed at 500 Hz and
steeply low-passed at 3.4 kHz to push faint background notes of other birds (4-5 kHz) about 50 dB under the gull,
loudness-normalised, faded, 192 kbps mono.
sandpiper-a.mp3 — Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) by Dan MacNeal, iNaturalist observation 120647035
(sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/464267.wav)
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120647035 — Haldimand County, Ontario, 28 Jul 2018 (southbound season).
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Dan MacNeal, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
sandpiper-b.mp3 — Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) by Kalvin Chan, iNaturalist observation 286401305
(sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1501971.wav)
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/286401305 — Markham, Ontario, 2 Jun 2025.
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Edits: short excerpts of flight calls (5.4 s from 12.6 s; 1.9 s from 10.8 s, ending before another bird's whistle), band-passed 1.5-9 kHz (the second
file has low-frequency noise), loudness-normalised, faded, 192 kbps mono. Individual birds, not a flock: no openly
licensed recording of a large Semipalmated Sandpiper flock was found, so the scene plays one of these very quietly
and rarely while a flock is in view rather than stacking calls into a fake roar.
black-backed-gull.mp3 — Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) by Richard Littauer, iNaturalist observation 55238930
(sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/127148.wav)
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/55238930 — Lubec, Maine, 19 Jul 2020 (research grade).
Licence: the sound is CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Richard Littauer, some rights
reserved (CC BY)" (the observation record itself is CC0); checked through the iNaturalist API on 2026-09-29.
Edits: one long call (0.95 s from 1.15 s), before the recordist's spoken note later in the file; high-passed at 400 Hz,
low-passed at 7 kHz, loudness-normalised, faded, 192 kbps mono. The recording keeps a steady surf-like noise floor.
bald-eagle.mp3 — Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) by Richard Littauer, iNaturalist observation 55238750
(sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/127144.wav)
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/55238750 — Calais, Maine, 19 Jul 2020 (research grade).
Licence: the sound is CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Richard Littauer, some rights
reserved (CC BY)" (the observation record is CC0); checked through the iNaturalist API on 2026-09-29.
Edits: the thin chattering call (2.2 s from 1.9 s); two 2.2 kHz high-passes remove the low rumble under it, low-passed
at 6 kHz, loudness-normalised, faded, 192 kbps mono. Played rarely and very quietly while the eagle soars over.
Ravens crossing the cove reuse common-raven.mp3 (NPS, public domain), played quietly. Crows and cormorants are
silent. Excerpts were chosen from spectrograms, not reviewed by ear.
The night pool reuses barred-owl.mp3 (JPBILLINGSLEYJR, CC0, recorded in Alabama); barred owls live in the park
(https://www.nbparks.ca/en/parks/33/hopewell-rocks-provincial-park/faq). Wind is the existing CC0 coastal
recording (Tom_Kaszuba). Seals and porpoises are silent: no usable recording was found.

Monarch Grove (Natural Bridges) calls, prepared with python3 tools/prep-monarch-grove-lively-audio.py (none recorded
at Natural Bridges; research-grade iNaturalist observations, licences read from the iNaturalist API license_code on
2026-09-29). Each plays only when its animal does something on screen:
great-horned-owl.mp3 — Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) by Anne Parsons (truthseqr), iNaturalist observation 7178858
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7178858 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/305906.wav)
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Recorded at Sierra Azul Open Space Preserve, Santa Clara County, California, 23 July 2017. One hoot series
(fundamental ~310-350 Hz), 3.7 s from 0.7 s. Played when the owl hoots on its limb (throat showing).
annas-hummingbird.mp3 — Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna) by Steve Collins, iNaturalist observation 192400265
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/192400265 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/852735.wav)
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — "(c) Steve Collins, some rights reserved (CC BY)"
Recorded in Santa Cruz, California, 27 November 2023. Chips and song, 4 s from 46 s. Played while the male is perched.
bushtit.mp3 — Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) by Jacquie Villa Rajerison (hemo_noises), iNaturalist observation 334648321
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/334648321 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/1740708.m4a)
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Recorded near Mountain View, California, 13 January 2026. Flock contact twitter, 4 s from 5.5 s. Played once as the
winter flock comes into view.
red-shouldered-hawk.mp3 — Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) by Anne Parsons (truthseqr), iNaturalist observation 106510097
Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/106510097 (sound https://static.inaturalist.org/sounds/355802.wav)
Licence: CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Recorded at Calero County Park, Santa Clara County, California, 9 February 2022. Kee-ah calls (1-3 kHz), the whole
3.5 s file. Played now and then while the hawk glides through.
Edits: excerpted, band-limited (owl 150 Hz-1.5 kHz, hummingbird and bushtit high-passed at 1.5 and 2 kHz, hawk
600 Hz-6 kHz), loudness-normalised to about -30 LUFS (quiet, as from across the grove) with peaks under -6 dBFS,
faded and encoded at 192 kbps with the source channels kept (the hummingbird and bushtit are mono). Excerpts were
chosen from RMS envelopes, peak frequencies and a CLAP zero-shot screen, not by ear; the owl clip's CLAP label is
marginal (owl and hawk score close), its 310-350 Hz hoots match the species. A Santa Cruz County owl recording
(Bonny Doon, iNaturalist 65458943) was too faint to use. The forest pool adds the existing yellow-rumped warbler.